Newly Emerging Immune Checkpoints: Promises for Future Cancer Therapy

Robert J Torphy ¹, Richard D Schulick ², Yuwen Zhu ³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. robert.torphy@ucdenver.edu.
² Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. richard.schulick@ucdenver.edu.
³ Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. yuwen.zhu@ucdenver.edu.

PMID: 29211042
87 References
37 citations

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has been a great breakthrough, with immune checkpoint inhibitors leading the way. Despite the clinical effectiveness of certain immune checkpoint inhibitors, the overall response rate remains low, and the effectiveness of immunotherapies for many tumors has been disappointing. There is substantial interest in looking for additional immune checkpoint molecules that may act as therapeutic targets for cancer. Recent advances during the last decade have identified several novel immune checkpoint targets, including lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), programmed death-1 homolog (PD-1H), T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIM-3)/carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), and the poliovirus receptor (PVR)-like receptors. The investigations into these molecules have generated promising results in preclinical studies. Herein, we will summarize our current progress and understanding of these newly-characterized immune checkpoints and their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords: cosignaling; immune checkpoints; immunotherapy.

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Targeting Immune Checkpoints in Lung Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. Long Long, Chen Zhao, +3 authors, Honglei Chen. less Clin Drug Investig, 2019 Feb 20; 39(4). PMID: 30778885 Review.
Targeting Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy. Catarina Roma-Rodrigues, Rita Mendes, Pedro V Baptista, Alexandra R Fernandes. Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Feb 20; 20(4). PMID: 30781344 Free PMC article. Highly Cited. Review.
Natural Killer Immunotherapy for Minimal Residual Disease Eradication Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Norimichi Hattori, Tsuyoshi Nakamaki. Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Apr 28; 20(9). PMID: 31027331 Free PMC article. Review.
Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway. Chunyong Ding, Zilan Song, +2 authors, Ancheng Shen, Tingting Chen, Ao Zhang. less Acta Pharm Sin B, 2020 Dec 24; 10(12). PMID: 33354501 Free PMC article. Review.
Personalized Immuno-Oncology. Kewal K Jain. Med Princ Pract, 2020 Aug 26; 30(1). PMID: 32841942 Free PMC article. Review.
Transcriptomic Profiling of Fibropapillomatosis in Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) From South Texas. Nicholas B Blackburn, Ana Cristina Leandro, +10 authors, Joanne E Curran. less Front Immunol, 2021 Mar 16; 12. PMID: 33717164 Free PMC article.
Evolutionary genetic algorithm identifies IL2RB as a potential predictive biomarker for immune-checkpoint therapy in colorectal cancer. Matthew Alderdice, Stephanie G Craig, +12 authors, Darragh G McArt. less NAR Genom Bioinform, 2021 May 01; 3(2). PMID: 33928242 Free PMC article.
Obesity results in adipose tissue T cell exhaustion. Cara E Porsche, Jennifer B Delproposto, +2 authors, Lynn Geletka, Robert O'Rourke, Carey N Lumeng. less JCI Insight, 2021 Mar 17; 6(8). PMID: 33724954 Free PMC article.
Clinical Insights Into Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Jii Bum Lee, Sang-Jun Ha, Hye Ryun Kim. Front Pharmacol, 2021 May 25; 12. PMID: 34025438 Free PMC article. Review.
VISTA: A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy? Marco Tagliamento, Elisa Agostinetto, +4 authors, Matteo Lambertini. less Immunotargets Ther, 2021 Jul 01; 10. PMID: 34189130 Free PMC article. Review.
The GPR171 pathway suppresses T cell activation and limits antitumor immunity. Yuki Fujiwara, Robert J Torphy, +8 authors, Yuwen Zhu. less Nat Commun, 2021 Oct 08; 12(1). PMID: 34615877 Free PMC article.
Immune Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer-An Opportunity for Immunotherapy. Kinga Hińcza-Nowak, Artur Kowalik, +7 authors, Aldona Kowalska. less Genes (Basel), 2021 Oct 24; 12(10). PMID: 34680929 Free PMC article.
VISTA inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy: a short perspective on recent progresses. Chenyang Wu, Xin Cao, Xiaojin Zhang. RSC Med Chem, 2021 Nov 16; 12(10). PMID: 34778768 Free PMC article. Review.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000190 Facilitates the Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion by Upregulating the Expression of Soluble PD-L1 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Yung-Hung Luo, Yi-Ping Yang, +8 authors, Shih-Hwa Chiou. less Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Jan 12; 23(1). PMID: 35008490 Free PMC article.
Modulation of intrinsic inhibitory checkpoints using nano-carriers to unleash NK cell activity. Guy Biber, Batel Sabag, +7 authors, Mira Barda-Saad. less EMBO Mol Med, 2021 Nov 03; 14(1). PMID: 34725941 Free PMC article.
Intratumoral expression analysis reveals that OX40 and TIM-3 are prominently expressed and have variable associations with clinical outcomes in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Nicole E James, Ashley D Valenzuela, +5 authors, Jennifer R Ribeiro. less Oncol Lett, 2022 May 10; 23(6). PMID: 35527785 Free PMC article.

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